14 15 Langeland et al 16 show that SOC predicted life satisfaction in patients with mental health problems. The literature suggests that the salutogenic model promotes health, improves resilience and fosters positive physical and mental health conditions. Salutogenic approach and health-related quality of life High SOC strengthens resilience and promotes an individual state of well-being. 10–13 According to Antonovsky, 4 6 individuals with high SOC perceive stressors as challenges, and thus anticipate events and the resources available to modify their perception of life and move from a condition of illness to one of health. The literature indicates that SOC is related to an individual’s ability to identify and (re)use resources from his/her internal (eg, cognitive, emotional and behavioural strategies) or external (eg, social support, social fairness, relationships, outdoor life, culture) environment to cope with difficulties and maintain good health. 4 8 However, despite the importance of considering the different components of SOC, Antonovsky 4 9 strongly highlights the indivisibility of the construct. Therefore, SOC is an overall orientation that conveys a feeling of trust because stressors are predictable, that resources to face challenges are available and that the challenges are worth the individual’s effort because they have meaning for him/her. Attributing meaning to events increases people’s motivation to make an effort to face life. Finally, the sense of meaningfulness represents the source of motivation, namely the extent to which people feel that life has emotional meaning and the problems faced are seen as challenges rather than hindrances. Having control helps people to live better and healthier. The sense of manageability is the extent to which people perceive that they have sufficient available (internal and external) resources to satisfy their needs. An individual who understands what is happening is more able to face difficult situations. 6 7 The sense of comprehensibility refers to the degree to which life events make sense and are understandable for people. It includes three components: comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. Sense of coherence (SOC) is a dispositional orientation that allows individuals to be more resilient to stressors in daily life, stay well and improve their health. 1 It can be explained by the sense of coherence concept, 5 6 which is an underlying resource enabling effective coping strategies that forms the basis of the salutogenic model. 4 The ability to identify and (re)use resources to effectively cope with stressful events and promote health would positively influence one’s own health condition. This depends on whether they are able to deal with, overcome or avoid the tension generated by stressors (eg, stressful events) effectively by identifying and (re)using resources. 3 Some individuals manage to achieve good health despite their exposure to stressors. This approach goes beyond the traditional dichotomy of health and disease and instead considers them a continuum in people’s lives. People are exposed to different sources of stress (eg, family illness, family changes such as divorce, changes in the workplace such as organisational changes or unemployment, etc) that may lead them away from positive healthy conditions towards negative conditions of illness, and vice versa. 2 The concept relies on using resources (eg, economic, social, healthy lifestyles, self-esteem, experience, knowledge resources, etc) and also on the ability to identify and (re)use resources in a health-promoting way.Īccording to Antonovsky, life is a chaos in which individuals constantly have to cope with change. 1 The salutogenic approach involves the interaction between the individual, community and environment, in which the resources of individuals and communities are committed to strengthening health and well-being. Salutogenesis is a concept focusing on factors that promote health and well-being instead of focusing on those that cause disease.
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